{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:52:38Z","timestamp":1790056358312,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarise the evidence and present the state of the science on pressure injury care bundles in the community. Specifically, this review examined (i) the extent of pressure injury by studying its prevalence and incidence in the last 10\u2009years, (ii) the risk factors associated with community\u2010acquired pressure injury and (iii) the components and outcomes associated with effective pressure injury care bundles in the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>PI care bundles have effectively reduced PI rates; however, there is limited evidence of care bundles used in community settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrative review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This integrative review is guided by the Whittemore and Knafl framework and follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Quality appraisal was applied to assess the quality of selected articles. Data relevant to the review aims were extracted, and findings were synthesised and presented. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched. Studies published in the English language between 2012 and 2022 were retrieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 89 articles were retrieved; 25 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported the point prevalence and period prevalence of community\u2010acquired pressure injuries, and only one study reported the incidence of community\u2010acquired pressure injuries. The point prevalence and period prevalence of community\u2010acquired pressure injury were 0.02% to 10.8% and 2.7% to 86.4%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence was 1.3%. The risk factors for community\u2010acquired pressure injury assessed vary between studies; older age, poor nutrition, immobility and multiple comorbidities are commonly reported. Socioeconomic and caregiving factors were not studied. Very few studies evaluated pressure injury care bundles in the community. Even so, the components of the pressure injury care bundle vary between studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pressure injury development is associated with a complex interplay of factors. Socioeconomic and caregiving factors were not examined in any of the papers. There is a lack of understanding of the components and outcomes associated with effective pressure injury care bundles in the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Despite their prevalence, community\u2010acquired pressure injuries (CAPIs) are often underreported due to inadequate follow\u2010up and reporting mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although the risk factors for CAPIs vary across studies, older age, impaired mobility, multiple comorbidities and malnutrition consistently emerge as key contributors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pressure injury preventive care bundles are more commonly used in the acute care setting rather than the community setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>No Patient or Public Contribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T03:34:42Z","timestamp":1728272082000},"page":"4618-4634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Community\u2010Acquired Pressure Injuries: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effect of Care Bundles\u2014An Integrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8435-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazila","family":"Aloweni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Division Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siew Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Division Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanthakumahrie","family":"Gunasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Division Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Truls","family":"Ostbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services and Systems Research (Department of Family Medicine and Community Health), and Clinical Sciences Duke\u2010National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin Yuh","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Division Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee Chen Elaine","family":"Siow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of Technology  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"Wound Pressure Injury Management","author":"Al Aboud A. 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