{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1791896009399,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke incidence has increased recently, causing functional impairments in most patients. Augmented reality(AR) is frequently employed as an interactive and repetitive technology to facilitate functional rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current evidence in the effect of AR for stroke rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane were searched by MeSH terms and keywords such as \u2018Stroke\u2019 \u2018Augmented reality\u2019 up to December 1, 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate potential bias. Meta\u2010analysis and Trial Sequence Analysis were used to analyse by the datastata15.0 software and TSA v0.9 software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched 11 studies in a systematic review and 8 in a meta\u2010analysis. The AR training group exhibited a significantly superior Berg Balance Scale scores(BBS) to those of the traditional training group. The <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010value curve of the sixth study crossed the traditional and TSA boundary values. Subgroup analysis revealed that BBS was significantly influenced in the hospital compared to the home intervention. The Timed Up and Go Test scores(TUG) and the 10\u2010Meter Walk Test scores(10MWT) were similar in the AR and traditional training groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AR technology is beneficial for the lower limb balance functional rehabilitation of stroke patients. However, further exploration and verification are necessary due to an insufficient number of trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications For The Profession And\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings provide clinical references for implementing AR in rehabilitation interventions for stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper is helpful for nurses in the rehabilitation training process of stroke patients, to make personalised plans\u00a0for their rehabilitation, implement rehabilitation, provide health education and address other aspects of efforts, to provide patients with comprehensive support and help, to promote the functional recovery of patients and improve the quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial and Protocol Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>PROSPERO number: CRD42024533761.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>MJEditor (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.mjeditor.com\">www.mjeditor.com<\/jats:ext-link>) provided English editing services during the preparation of this manuscript.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T09:33:07Z","timestamp":1743845587000},"page":"4578-4589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Effects of Augmented Reality on Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7110-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanyi","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianzhen","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12752"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4047845"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkpj.2014.04.002","article-title":"Augmented Reality\u2010Based Postural Control Training Improves Gait Function in Patients With Stroke: Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"32","author":"Chi\u2010Ho L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90085-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2024.2434647","article-title":"Beyond Conventional Rehabilitation: An Observational Study on RYSEN Body Weight Supported Gait Training in Individuals After Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"1","author":"Ettema S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-04816-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743\u20100003\u201011\u201060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984\u2010016\u20100141\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211061027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1791264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597\u2010019\u20100327\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.730801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tim.2013.2277536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfw005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0553-5","article-title":"Robot\u2010Assisted Gait Training for Balance and Lower Extremity Function in Patients With Infratentorial Stroke: A Single\u2010Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"16","author":"Kim H. Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.24.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2074154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-022-01071-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.809657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2023.0214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.17688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2019.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864221123195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.553847"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4175-7","article-title":"Improved Gait Adjustments After Gait Adaptability Training Are Associated With Reduced Attentional Demands in Persons With Stroke","volume":"233","author":"Ooijen M. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00230-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14474\/ptrs.2014.3.1.13","article-title":"A Pilot Study of Augmented Reality\u2010Based Postural Control Training in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Park Y. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.1991.tb01616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.874032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100\u201083582010000200025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20160054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603\u2010016\u20100766\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.21786\/bbrc\/11.1\/10","article-title":"Efficacy of Closed Loop Feedback System With Augmented Virtual Reality Visual Cues Training on Gait and Functional Performance in Stroke Patients","volume":"1","author":"Shaphe A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15101287"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-023-01138-3","article-title":"Virtual and Augmented Reality in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"22","author":"Taghian A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1186681","article-title":"Analysis of the Current Status of Rehabilitation Motivation and Its Influencing Factors in Older Adults With Stroke: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Tan M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05742-3","article-title":"Walking\u2010Adaptability Therapy After Stroke: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Timmermans C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197787192530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzae008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.974712"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.17730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T06:19:24Z","timestamp":1759385964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocn.17730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocn.17730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.17730","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1067","1365-2702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1067","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}