{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:40:43Z","timestamp":1772998843602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K09934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K09934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To examine clinical nurses' attitudes towards and self\u2010reported experiences of family nursing in Japan following the relaxation of COVID\u201019 visitation restrictions. Particular attention is paid to early career nurses whose formative training occurred during visitation bans. The study focused on nurses' negative perceptions and emotional burdens associated with family involvement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A quantitative\u2010dominant mixed\u2010methods cross\u2010sectional study reported in accordance with the STROBE guideline.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Using a convenience sampling approach, a self\u2010administered, paper\u2010based questionnaire was distributed to clinical nurses in four general hospitals in Japan between January and May 2024. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic and professional background, learning methods related to family nursing, 17 items including negatively valenced statements adapted from the\n Families' Importance in Nursing Care\u2013Nurses' Attitudes<\/jats:italic>\n (FINC\u2010NA) scale, and one open\u2010ended question. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests, and qualitative responses were thematically analysed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 1921 nurses invited, 957 responded (response rate: 49.8%), and data from 892 valid responses were analysed. Overall, the nurses demonstrated positive recognition of family nursing as a professional value but also reported lingering emotional burdens and practical challenges when interacting with families. Early\u2010career nurses who began practice during the pandemic showed greater uncertainty and lower affective engagement. Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: relational disruption, emotional stress, moral conflict, reappraisal of family engagement and ongoing barriers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The findings underscore the need to structurally and educationally reintegrate families into nursing care. Simulation\u2010based training, clear institutional policies and hybrid communication models are essential to rebuild relational continuity and support nurses' emotional and ethical capacity for family nursing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications for the Profession and\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title>\n The findings highlight the need to structurally and educationally reintegrate families into clinical care to address the emotional burden and ambivalence reported by nurses. Organisational support\u2014such as clear visitation policies, simulation\u2010based education and reflective opportunities\u2014can help rebuild nurses' relational competence and confidence in engaging with families. Creating supportive learning environments, including on\u2010the\u2010job mentoring and team\u2010based reflection, may further facilitate the restoration of family nursing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Impact<\/jats:title>\n This study addressed how prolonged COVID\u201019 visitation restrictions disrupted family nursing practice in Japan, created generational differences in nurses' competencies, and shaped nurses' perceptions of family involvement. Nurses reported emotional strain, feelings of being monitored and lack of time when families were present. Early career nurses showed lower relational engagement, while experienced nurses expressed moral distress. \u2018Latent indifference\u2019 was also noted. The findings provide valuable insights for healthcare organisations, nurse educators and policymakers by informing strategies to reintegrate families into patient care, improve discharge planning and strengthen training models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n The STROBE checklist.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n No patient or public contribution.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1765442152000},"page":"1598-1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Nurses' Attitudes and Self\u2010Reported Practices of Family Nursing in Japan Following\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019 Visitation Restrictions: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Tsukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Hyogo Medical University Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4678-1303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community University of Hyogo Akashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Kyoto Tachibana University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyasu","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Science Tsuruga Nursing University Tsuruga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Art and Science University of Hyogo Akashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2025.101711"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-198412000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840707312716"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372\u2010021\u201000976\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2025.151977"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010024\u201001944\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2024.104019"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840717739030"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904\u2010021\u201000847\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12783"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010024\u201011398\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840708327514"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010021\u201003763\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2022.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840711415074"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16456"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","volume-title":"Nurses and Families: A Guide to Family Assessment and Intervention","author":"Wright L. 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