{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:53:33Z","timestamp":1785772413544,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3605900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3605900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dyspnea is a prevalent and profoundly distressing symptom. Fan therapy, a simple nonpharmacologic intervention, has shown potential in alleviating dyspnea. However, its effects remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to update and expand the existing evidence on the effectiveness and perceptions of fan therapy in adults with dyspnea to inform clinical symptom management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review followed PRISMA 2020. A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Chinese Scientific Journals Full\u2010text Database, from inception through March 20, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Quantitative synthesis was performed using Review Manager software, version 5.3. Qualitative findings were synthesized narratively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This review included 15 studies (623 participants). In meta\u2010analysis, the overall effect on dyspnea severity was not statistically significant; however, post hoc subgroup analysis by outcome assessment timing showed a significant short\u2010term reduction within 5\u201310\u2009min after fan therapy (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.41, 95% CI: [\u22120.70, \u22120.11],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200932%). No significant differences were observed in physiological parameters, physical activity levels, self\u2010efficacy, or caregiver\u2010related outcomes. Furthermore, qualitative evidence indicated that patients, clinicians and caregivers generally expressed positive views toward fan therapy, considering it an effective and accessible nonpharmacological intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fan therapy may provide short\u2010term relief of dyspnea in adults, with limited evidence of sustained benefit and no consistent effects on physiological or other related outcomes. Given its acceptability, low\u2010cost and portability, it may be considered a practical adjunct for dyspnea management, although longer\u2010term trials are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance for Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fan therapy can be used as an adjunct to disease\u2010targeted treatments in the management of dyspnea, particularly in community nursing, low\u2010cost and resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contributions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:12:50Z","timestamp":1779509570000},"page":"3670-3691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fan Therapy for Alleviating Dyspnea in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Research Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Operating Room West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Research Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Research Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Research Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Research Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Nursing West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.07.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Baker R. 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