{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:32Z","timestamp":1786977632732,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007807","name":"Japan Science Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u20106016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u20106016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and characteristics of urinary catheter blockage in older patients using objective indicators and to characterize obstructive materials and microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged \u2265\u200965\u2009years with an indwelling catheter for \u2265\u200924\u2009h were recruited from a long\u2010term care hospital. Blockage was defined using objective indicators including residual urine volume, leakage, reinsertion urine volume and resistance to saline injection. Samples were analysed for composition and microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 77 patients, 29.9% experienced catheter blockage. Blockage was associated with shorter catheterization duration and greater intraluminal narrowing.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Campylobacter ureolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were more abundant. Most blockages occurred at the catheter tip (81.0%), with struvite as the predominant material (71.4%). Microbiota varied by material composition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter blockage occurred in 29.9% of patients, mainly at the catheter tip and associated with struvite. Microbiota differed by blockage status and material composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for the Profession and\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective identification of catheter blockage supports early detection and targeted management and provides a basis for research on mechanisms. These findings provide a foundation for future research to develop and evaluate evidence\u2010based nursing interventions for preventing catheter blockage in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study addressed the lack of objective criteria and limited understanding of catheter blockage. It showed that about 30% of patients experienced blockage and identified distinct microbiota and material characteristics. These findings may improve catheter management and support future research on mechanisms and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STROBE checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients contributed to data collection by providing information on symptoms related to catheter blockage through structured assessments, while nurses during the study period facilitated data collection and conducted clinical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:32:58Z","timestamp":1786973578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Characteristics of Urinary Catheter Blockage in Patients With Long\u2010Term Urinary Catheterization: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9088-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsumi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing\/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1909-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mao","family":"Kunimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological 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