{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T07:28:05Z","timestamp":1786778885556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000386","name":"Burdett Trust for Nursing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SB\\ZA\\101010662\\898587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB\\ZA\\101010662\\898587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To map the available evidence on nurse\u2010led interventions on type 2 diabetes management for minority ethnic groups in the World Health Organisation (WHO) European region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although research on nurse\u2010led interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus is well\u2010established, the extent of nurse\u2010led interventions for minority ethnic groups in the World Health Organisation (WHO) European region is not well explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review design according to Joanna Briggs institute (JBI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of published English articles was carried out in 6 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Sabinet, Scopus, EBSCO host) and 2 search engines (Google, Google Scholar). Population (minority ethnic groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus), Concept (nurse\u2010led interventions), and Context (World Health Organisation European region) were used to define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The three\u2010step search strategy was used to find 322 eligible articles. The identified articles were imported into the Systematic Review Web app, Rayyan, in preparation for selection. The selection process involved the title and abstract initially followed by full text screening of potentially relevant papers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen (14) articles were included. Results showed minimal relevant publications per year between 2006 and 2018; an increase between 2019 and 2021 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), with a greater number from the UK (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097). Four studies were reviews, followed by quantitative (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094), qualitative (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094),and mixed methods (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092). The implemented nurse\u2010led interventions included culturally sensitive (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), Self\u2010management (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093), community based enhanced care package (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), psychological (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091), web and mHealth technologies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091), Group\u2010based diabetes education model (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091), Type 2 diabetes lifestyle (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that nurse\u2010led interventions on type 2 diabetes management improve self\u2010care knowledge, skills, and behaviour change. In addition, patients are empowered, and this improves non\u2010pharmacological lifestyle change. Furthermore, it improves the knowledge and skills of nurses in type 2 diabetes management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will promote the development of culturally specific interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus for ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. This will enhance proper care and improve the quality of life among the population affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient and Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public contribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Open Science Framework;\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/osf.10\/4D6Q9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/osf.10\/4D6Q9<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T07:06:56Z","timestamp":1786777616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nurse\u2010Led Interventions on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management for Minority Ethnic Groups in World Health Organisation European Region: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmie","family":"Mkwinda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abertay University  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geldine","family":"Chironda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint John of God College of Health Sciences  Mzuzu Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abertay University  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6321-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abertay University  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabeth","family":"Timba\u2010Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abertay University  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10748407211068816"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13593"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Bellary S.2010.\u201cEnhanced Care to People of South Asian Ethnicity\u2010the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS).\u201dDoctoral Dissertation University of Birmingham.http:\/\/etheses.bham.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/974."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellary S. J. P.O'Hare N. T.Raymond et\u00a0al.2008.\u201cEffectiveness of Enhanced Diabetes Care to Patients of South Asia Ethnicity: The United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS) a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.\u201dhttp:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS014673608607643\/fulltext.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60764-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102015\u2010008986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840710383145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8896896"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12030352","article-title":"The Influence of Nurse\u2010Led Interventions on Diseases Management in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Dailah H. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20101969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000557912.35398.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.15m01902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well\u2010Being Research","author":"Entzinger H.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.04.016(2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17449871211021137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ccc\/tcae004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13895"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102020\u2010001818"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010017\u20103104\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423620000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE\u201016\u20100811"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.20.25.57.s55","article-title":"Management of Diabetes in South Asian Communities in the UK","volume":"20","author":"Hill J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nursing Standard"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.2021.\u201cIDF Diabetes Atlas: International Diabetes Federation.\u201dhttps:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/atlas\/tenth\u2010edition\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0101\u20102800.20170034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","unstructured":"Ismail K. K.Winkley N.deZoysa et\u00a0al.2018.\u201cNurse\u2010Led Psychological Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (Diabetes\u20106 Study) in Primary Care.\u201dBritish Journal of General Practice bjgp18X696185.https:\/\/bjgp.org\/content\/bjgp\/early\/2018\/07\/16\/bjgp18X696185.full.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biochemical Immunology of Diabetes and Associated Complications","author":"Jadon A. S.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659617723074","article-title":"Participation of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Technology\u2010Based Interventions to Self\u2010Manage Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review","volume":"29","author":"Jang M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Transcultural Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18208"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000202","article-title":"Evaluation of the JBI Scoping Reviews Methodology by Current Users","volume":"18","author":"Khalil H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence\u2010Based Healthcare"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","article-title":"Increasing Shortage of General Practitioners in Social Deprived Danish Communities","volume":"176","author":"Kristensen M. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15689485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(17)30186\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2025.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9070832"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2024.2323060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874\u2010018\u20100611\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","unstructured":"National Health Services.2022.\u201cNHS England and NHS Improvement's Equality Objectives for 2022\/23\u20132023\/24.\u201dEngland.nhs.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/B1588\u2010nhsei\u2010equality\u2010objectives\u2010for\u20102022\u20102023\u20102023\u20102024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","unstructured":"National Health Services (NHS).2017.\u201cEquality Diversity and Human Rights Strategy 2017\u20132021.\u201dClinical Commissioning Group.http:\/\/www.valeofyorkccg.nhs.uk\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.2012.\u201cType 2 Diabetes: Prevention in People at High Risk.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph38\/resources\/type\u20102\u2010diabetes\u2010prevention\u2010inpeople\u2010at\u2010high\u2010risk\u20101996304192197."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9325146"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11182499"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010016\u20100384\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","volume-title":"The Role of Culture and Health Beliefs in Type 2 Diabetes Self\u2010Management Behaviours Among the Black Sub\u2010Saharan African Communities in the UK","author":"Oyewole D. A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010021\u201001821\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102020\u2010001924"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjm.v36i2.78406"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X683509"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/27697061.2024.2413368"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100805","article-title":"Migrant\u2010Sensitive Healthcare in Europe: Advancing Health Equity Through Accessibility, Acceptability, Quality, and Trust","volume":"41","author":"Savas S. T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health\u2013Europe"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22158\/rhs.v9n1p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615\u2010022\u201001474\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen\u20102021\u2010001671"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim\u20102019\u20100064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15271544241289416"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010016\u20100421\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","volume-title":"Minorities and Indigenous Peoples","author":"UN Refugee Agency","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23288604.2025.2503648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","volume-title":"Evaluating Type 2 Diabetes Risk Perception in the British South Asian General Population: A Mixed Methodology Approach for Intervention Development","author":"Vaja I.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410\u2010015\u20100460\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021003682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","volume-title":"Diabetes","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102524.2011.01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","volume-title":"WHO and Partners Call for Urgent Investment in Nurses","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102702.2010.03694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jmals.2025.424001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010022\u201000970\u20107"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cultural Barriers Impeding Ethnic Minority Groups From Accessing Effective Diabetes Care Services: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies","volume":"11","author":"Zeh P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diversity and Equality in Health and Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102021\u2010058533"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010024\u201006125\u2010z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.70514","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocn.70514","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.70514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T07:07:01Z","timestamp":1786777621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocn.70514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocn.70514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.70514","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1067","1365-2702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1067","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jocn.70514"}}