{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:25:40Z","timestamp":1787761540458,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To examine immediate within\u2010person changes in experienced nurses' self\u2010reported clinical decision\u2010making and patient safety competency after a structured simulation programme.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A single\u2010site, one\u2010group pretest\u2013posttest intervention evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was conducted in educational hospitals affiliated with King Faisal University. Fifty\u2010eight registered nurses in unit\u2010based advanced or specialist clinical roles completed baseline and immediate post\u2010programme assessments. The programme comprised three high\u2010fidelity simulation scenarios addressing septic shock, acute respiratory deterioration and medication safety. Sessions were delivered in small groups over a 4\u2010week window; each session included a 15\u2010min prebriefing, a 20\u2010min scenario and a 40\u2010min debriefing structured using Debriefing for Meaningful Learning. Self\u2010reported clinical decision\u2010making was assessed with the Clinical Decision\u2010Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS), and patient safety competency was assessed using an adapted reporting structure derived from the Patient Safety Attitudes, Skills and Knowledge Scale (PS\u2010ASK). Paired\u2010sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests, Cohen's dz, and Pearson correlations were reported at both time points.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean total CDMNS score increased from 136.85 (SD 14.22) at baseline to 152.22 (SD 12.74) immediately after the programme,\n t<\/jats:italic>\n (57)\u2009=\u20096.14,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, Cohen's dz\u2009=\u20090.81. The overall patient safety competency score increased from 3.35 (SD 0.44) to 3.84 (SD 0.36),\n t<\/jats:italic>\n (57)\u2009=\u20096.21,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, dz\u2009=\u20090.82. CDMNS and patient safety scores were positively correlated at baseline (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.41, 95% CI [0.17, 0.60],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001) and immediately post\u2010programme (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.62, 95% CI [0.43, 0.76],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Self\u2010reported clinical decision\u2010making and patient safety competency scores were higher immediately after the programme than at baseline. Because the study had no concurrent control group, used self\u2010report measures and did not assess retention or transfer to practice, it cannot establish that simulation caused the score changes or that clinical performance or patient outcomes improved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n No patient or public contribution was made.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications for the Profession and\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title>\n Structured simulation and debriefing may be useful components of continuing professional development for experienced nurses. The present findings are hypothesis\u2010generating and support controlled, multisite evaluations that combine self\u2010report with observer\u2010rated performance and practice\u2010based safety outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:57:51Z","timestamp":1787759871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulation Training and Immediate Changes in Experienced Nurses' Self\u2010Reported Clinical Decision\u2010Making and Patient Safety Competency: A One\u2010Group Pretest\u2013Posttest Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8808-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayed Ibrahim","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine King Faisal University Al\u2010Ahsaa Saudi 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