{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:42:43Z","timestamp":1770817363451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of our study was: (i) to investigate whether transversus abdominis plane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content>) block confers additional analgesic effects to epidural morphine alone; and (ii) to determine plasma levels of local anesthetics after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block in post\u2010cesarean women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects were parturients undergoing cesarean section under combined spinal\u2010epidural anesthesia. Morphine (2\u2009mg) was administered to the epidural space close to the end of surgery. Women who desired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block were allocated to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> group. Women who did not undergo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block were allocated to the control group. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> group, 20\u2009m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> of either 0.375% ropivacaine or 0.3% levobupivacaine was infused to both sides of the transversus abdominis plane after surgery. All patients were placed on a patient\u2010controlled i.v. analgesia regimen with morphine after surgery. Time to the first morphine request and amount of morphine consumption within 24\u2009h after surgery were compared in patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block. Plasma concentrations of local anesthetics were determined at 15, 30 and 60\u2009min after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty and 54 patients were allocated to the control and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> group, respectively. The median time to the first morphine request was longer (555 vs 215\u2009min), and the median cumulative morphine consumption within 24\u2009h was lower (5.3 vs 7.7\u2009mg) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the control group. The maximum median concentrations of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block were 784 and 553\u2009ng\/m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAP<\/jats:styled-content> block had additional analgesic effects to epidural morphine alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T09:04:26Z","timestamp":1372755866000},"page":"1397-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Transversus abdominis plane block provides postoperative analgesic effects after cesarean section: Additional analgesia to epidural morphine alone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Onishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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