{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:33:17Z","timestamp":1792251197027,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["24390379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24390379"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The registry program of amniotic fluid embolism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan started in 2003. More than 400 hundred clinical diagnosed amniotic fluid embolism has been accumulated. Those data showed that there were two etiologies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>: the fetal materials create physical obstructions in the maternal microvessels in various organs, such as the lung; and (ii) the liquids cause an anaphylactoid reaction that leads to pulmonary vasospasm and activation of platelets, white blood cells and\/or complements. The clinical findings showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content> was characterized mainly by cardiopulmonary collapse, the other involves the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIC<\/jats:styled-content>) and atonic bleeding. Zinc coproporphyrin\u20101, sialyl <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>n antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STN<\/jats:styled-content>), complement <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>4 and interleukin\u20108 have been used as serum markers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>. The levels of zinc coproporphyrin\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STN<\/jats:styled-content> were increased in cardiopulmonary collapse type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>, and a marked reduction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>4 was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIC<\/jats:styled-content> type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>. At the primary medical institution, initial treatments for shock airway management, vascular management, fluid replacement, administration of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIC<\/jats:styled-content> therapy such as antithrombin, and administration of fresh frozen plasma should be provided. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1 esterase inhibitor activity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content> cases was significantly lower than those of normal pregnant women. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1 esterase inhibitor may be a promising candidate of treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T03:14:07Z","timestamp":1401765247000},"page":"1507-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Amniotic 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