{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:36:12Z","timestamp":1758476172061},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23659786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23659786"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for amniotic fluid embolism (AFE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We performed a retrospective case study analysis of patients using medical records and autopsy records. The diagnosis of AFE<\/jats:styled-content> was based on the presence of clinical symptoms using C<\/jats:styled-content>lark's criteria and autopsy results. We analyzed patient records from a 29\u2010year period in three hospitals affiliated with the N<\/jats:styled-content>ippon M<\/jats:styled-content>edical S<\/jats:styled-content>chool in J<\/jats:styled-content>apan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ten diagnoses of AFE<\/jats:styled-content> were found in the records. First, we classified AFE<\/jats:styled-content> patients into two types based on the initial presenting symptoms: post\u2010partum hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary collapse. Fifty percent of the patients initially presented with post\u2010partum hemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most were diagnosed with post\u2010partum hemorrhage or uterine atony at AFE<\/jats:styled-content> onset. Similarly, 50% presented with cardiopulmonary arrest or pulmonary arrest as initial symptoms, and most were diagnosed with eclampsia. Second, risk factors for AFE<\/jats:styled-content> included advanced maternal age, multiparity, increased intrauterine pressure and disruptions of the uterine vasculature. Third, the case fatality rate was 70%. Fourth, squamous cells were observed in maternal central venous blood of five patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>AFE<\/jats:styled-content> patients were classified into two types based on presenting signs and symptoms. Knowledge of the various initial symptoms of AFE<\/jats:styled-content> enables a correct diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T14:25:19Z","timestamp":1406125519000},"page":"1862-1870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical characteristics of amniotic fluid embolism: An experience of 29\u2009years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tama Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Kawase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tama Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirobumi","family":"Asakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital Kawasaki Kanagawa 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