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The present study examined the associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms in the second and third trimesters and mode of delivery, epidural use and labor induction in a large community\u2010based pregnancy cohort, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>lberta, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who had singleton pregnancies, delivered in hospital, and had medical data were selected (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092825). Obstetric intervention data were obtained from the medical records, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>dinburgh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ostnatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>epression <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cale and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>pielberger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>nxiety <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory. Data were evaluated with multivariate multinomial and logistic regression analyses using a hierarchical modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After accounting for factors known to increase the risk of each intervention, including demographic variables, smoking, hospital site, gestational age, previous history of cesarean delivery, prepregnancy body mass index, assisted conception, and antepartum risk score, the only mental health variable associated with obstetric interventions was depressive symptoms in the third trimester, which increased the risk of emergency cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26\u20133.29). No associations were found between antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and other obstetric interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings support an association between depressive symptoms and adverse obstetric outcomes and suggest that anxiety and depression may have different effects on obstetric outcomes. Understanding the mechanism in which depression increases the risk of emergency cesarean birth needs further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T03:55:33Z","timestamp":1426478133000},"page":"1040-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on risk of obstetric interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Bayrampour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charleen","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta 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