{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:50:08Z","timestamp":1760907008613},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, we aimed to assess the biomarkers in mid\u2010trimester cervical fluid that can predict early stage cervical shortening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained cervical swab specimens from 96 gravidas, after which the cervical length was measured, at approximately 20\u2009weeks of gestation. Cervical length was measured again at 4\u2009weeks after the initial examination. Cervical shortening was noted in 20 women between 20 and 24\u2009weeks of gestation (group A), whereas no cervical shortening was noted in 76 women (group B). We evaluated the use of the levels of tumor markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase\u20108 (MMP\u20108) as candidate biomarkers. CA\u2010125 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were determined by using an automatic immunoassay system in both groups. Furthermore, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20108, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, and MMP\u20108 levels were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The levels of inflammatory cytokines and MMP\u20108 did not differ between the two groups, and were not correlated with cervical length or the change in cervical length. Although CA\u2010125 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were higher in group A, they were not statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.304 and 0.092, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early stage cervical shortening in mid\u2010trimester was not associated with an increase in the levels of tumor markers or proinflammatory cytokines in cervical fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T06:24:28Z","timestamp":1443594268000},"page":"1715-1720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Do the levels of tumor makers or proinflammatory cytokines in mid\u2010trimester cervical fluid predict early\u2010stage cervical shortening?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Won Joon","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University  Daegu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University  Daegu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Bon","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Andong General Hospital  Andong 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