{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:24:56Z","timestamp":1767896696306,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consumption of isoflavones, which are predominantly derived from soybeans, reduces the risk of estrogen\u2010related diseases, such as menopausal symptoms, breast cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Equol is more bioavailable than other soy isoflavones, and equol producers are believed to benefit to a greater extent. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and equol\u2010production status in Japanese reproductive\u2010age women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional, observational study. The study included 144 Japanese women aged 20\u201345 years. PMS patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a046) were recruited at three obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Control group women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a098) who were not receiving therapy for PMS were recruited from the local area by advertisement. The participants\u2019 equol\u2010production status was determined using urine samples collected after a soy challenge test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of equol producers was 41.8% in the control group and 23.9% in the patient group (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.042). Using univariate analysis, significant risk factors for equol non\u2010producers were being a PMS patient and being younger. In multivariate analysis with a step\u2010wise model, being a PMS patient (odds ratio, 2.342; 95% confidence interval, 1.021\u20135.698) was shown to be a significant risk factor for being an equol non\u2010producer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed a relation between PMS and equol\u2010production status in Japanese women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T09:38:10Z","timestamp":1467193090000},"page":"1575-1580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relation between premenstrual syndrome and equol\u2010production status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine Kindai University School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keizo","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiramatsu Women's Clinic  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Shiina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine Kindai University School of Medicine  Osaka 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