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AM\u2010MSCs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) were obtained by digestion with tripsin and collagenase. MSC phenotype was confirmed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by performing flow cytometry, differentiation assays and vimentin staining. Supernatants were collected after 48 h culturing in serum\u2010free conditions and the following concentrations were determined: epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u201010, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), vascular endothelial growth factor\u2010\u03b1 (VEGF\u2010\u03b1) and metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 8 and 13, using multiplex supernatant cytokine assay. Data were compared with adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD\u2010MSCs, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both UC\u2010MSC and AM\u2010MSC populations were positively identified as MSCs by flow cytometry and differentiation potential into bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. Using a multiple cytokine detection assay, we proved that both UC\u2010MSCs and AM\u2010MSCs show high secretive capacity. However, the secretion profile differed between cells from various sources. UC\u2010MSCs showed significantly higher production of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and lower production of VEGF\u2010\u03b1, compared to AD\u2010MSCs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004) and AM\u2010MSCs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.039) and lower levels of EGF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0005). AM\u2010MSCs showed significantly lower levels of MMP\u20108 than UC\u2010MSCs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024); however, there was no difference in levels of released cytokines compared to AD\u2010MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AM\u2010MSCs show similar IL production as AD\u2010MSCs, while UC\u2010MSCs have a significantly different profile, which suggests diverse biological potential of both cell types for immunomodulative and regenerative therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1500030168000},"page":"1758-1768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Comparison of the paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord, amniotic membrane and adipose 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