{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T23:49:29Z","timestamp":1768348169274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> effects of sEng and TGF\u2010\u03b2 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and trophoblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HUVECs and trophoblasts were treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 50, 80 and 100 \u03bcg\/L sEng, TGF\u2010\u03b2 or (sEng + TGF\u2010\u03b2) for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h, respectively. sEng, TGF\u2010\u03b2 and NO levels in culture media of HUVECs were measured by ELISA. Survival rates of HUVECs and trophoblasts were detected by 3\u2010[4, 5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl]\u20102, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry. eNOS, MMP\u20102 and MMP\u20109 expressions were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The survival rate of 100 \u03bcg\/L of sEng\u2010treated HUVECs was significantly lower than those of other groups at the same time point (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The survival rate of the TGF\u2010\u03b2 group was significantly lower than that of the sEng group after treatment at each concentration for 36 and 48 h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). NO content significantly decreased with increasing sEng concentration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and with extended time at identical sEng concentration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.78, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The number of membrane\u2010penetrating trophoblasts in the control group significantly surpassed that of sEng group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The number of expressions in the TGF\u2010\u03b2 group significantly exceeded that of control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), being significantly different from that of sEng group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). MMP\u20102 and MMP\u20109 expressions in sEng group were significantly lower than those of the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and such expressions of the TGF\u2010\u03b2 group significantly surpassed those of other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>sEng and TGF\u2010\u03b2 were closely associated with endothelial cell injury and abnormalities of trophoblast proliferation and infiltration <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T19:23:19Z","timestamp":1524165799000},"page":"1023-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> effects of sEng and TGF\u2010\u03b2 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and 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