{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T04:08:34Z","timestamp":1775621314111,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is responsible for approximately one\u2010third of premature births worldwide, and although the diagnosis is often straightforward, this condition can still present difficulties. The purpose of this research was to compare the accuracy of several PPROM diagnostic tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 94 pregnant women with clinical suspicion of PPROM who were between 20 and 36\u2009weeks of pregnancy were examined by vaginal speculum, and tests were performed for phenol, pH, insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein\u20101 (IGFBP\u20101) and placental alpha\u2010microglobulin\u20101 (PAMG\u20101). All patients were followed up until the diagnosis was fully defined, and a diagnosis of PROM was confirmed by a definitive evolution of the clinical symptoms (visualization of vaginal amniotic fluid or persistence of oligohydramnios).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After excluding the cases that could not be definitively diagnosed, a good diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic tests was observed that was superior to that of the clinical tests. Similar accuracies were observed for IGFBP\u20101 (98.7%) and PAMG\u20101 (93.9%). However, while the IGFBP\u20101 test differed from a vaginal pH \u22657 (88.9%) and the phenol test (85.7%), this did not occur for the PAMG\u20101 test. The performance of the tests was modified only by the presence of bleeding (with lower specificity rates for pH and phenol), without interference of gestational age or maternal morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunochromatographic tests are good tools but should be used sparingly in resource\u2010poor settings because they are expensive, and there is no significant difference between PAMG\u20101 and traditional tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1558069678000},"page":"1448-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative analysis of Insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein\u20101, placental alpha\u2010microglobulin\u20101, phenol and pH for the diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes between 20 and 36\u2009weeks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Marco A. K.","family":"Galletta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP)  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto E.","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP)  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agatha S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP)  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossana P. V.","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP)  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Zugaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP)  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.Practice Bulletin No. 172 Summary: Premature Rupture of Membranes Obstet 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