{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:30:37Z","timestamp":1777537837418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP15H04882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15H04882"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP15H04983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15H04983"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP16K15703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16K15703"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uterine atony is a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage. We recently proposed a new concept for the histopathophysiology of refractory uterine atony, postpartum acute myometritis (PAM), characterized by acute inflammatory changes with massive stromal edema, increased numbers of complement C5a receptors and diffuse mast cell activation in the myometrium. We herein focused on the possible involvement of the kinin\u2010kallikrein system in the rapid development of interstitial edema in PAM, particularly bradykinin receptor type 1 (B1R), which is up\u2010regulated under inflammatory conditions. The present study investigated B1R expression with uterine interstitial edema in PAM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our institution plays an important role in a Japanese amniotic fluid embolism registry project. We selected PAM cases from uterine samples delivered to us for further analyses between 2012 and 2017. Control tissues were collected during cesarean section and planned hysterectomy. B1R expression was semi\u2010quantitatively measured by immunohistochemistry, while uterine interstitial edema was estimated by semi\u2010quantitative measurements of the alpha smooth muscle actin\u2010negative area using immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 36 and 8 cases in the PAM and control groups, respectively. The alpha smooth muscle actin\u2010negative area was increased in the PAM group, concomitant with the significant up\u2010regulation of B1R expression in uterine smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neutrophils. A positive correlation was observed between these two factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated the up\u2010regulated expression of B1R in the myometrium and its positive correlation with histologically estimated interstitial edema, suggesting the contribution of the kinin\u2010kallikrein\u2010B1R system to the development of interstitial edema in PAM cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T08:41:14Z","timestamp":1560156074000},"page":"1553-1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Elevated bradykinin receptor type 1 expression in postpartum acute myometritis: Possible involvement in augmented interstitial edema of the atonic gravid uterus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; 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