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Although <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. have been reported as causative agents of preterm birth, they also have a high incidence in vaginal swabs collected from healthy reproductive\u2010age women; this has led to questions on the virulence of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and to them being considered as harmless commensal bacteria. Therefore, many efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. at the molecular level. <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. are surrounded by lipoproteins, including multiple\u2010banded antigen. Both multiple\u2010banded antigen and its derivative, that is, the synthetic lipopeptide, UPM\u20101, induce an inflammatory response in a preterm mice model, which was adequate to cause preterm birth or stillbirth. In this review, we present an overview of the virulence mechanisms of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and treatment of ureaplasma infection during pregnancy to prevent possible serious sequelae in infants. In addition, relevant mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. are discussed. <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. are naturally resistant against \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics because of the lack of a cell wall. Azithromycin is one of the effective agents that can control intrauterine ureaplasma infection. In fact, macrolide\u2010 and fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant isolates of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. have already been observed in perinatal practice in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T04:36:01Z","timestamp":1563338161000},"page":"1796-1808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Current understanding and treatment of intra\u2010amniotic infection with <i>Ureaplasma<\/i> spp."],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ourlad Alzeus G.","family":"Tantengco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Medicine Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Izumi Japan"},{"name":"College of Medicine University of the Philippines Manila  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Yanagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Medicine Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Izumi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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