{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:02:15Z","timestamp":1777647735538,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005731","name":"Juntendo University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microsatellite instability (MSI), which reflects loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) activity, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins are employed as screening examinations for Lynch syndrome (LS). Recent studies revealed that there is a population of MSI\u2010high tumors in sporadic endometrial cancer (EC). However, MSI data for Japanese EC patients are scarce. Furthermore, sporadic estrogen\u2010dependent EC (type I) is generally considered to arise from hyperplasia. Because LS is usually associated with type I EC, we hypothesized that MSI might be involved in the oncogenic process in some sporadic EC. We conducted MSI testing to reveal MSI status in sporadic Japanese EC. IHC for MMR proteins was also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010eight tissue samples of sporadic ECs from Japanese patients were used for IHC and MSI examinations. We also evaluated MMR protein expressions in the background normal endometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microsatellite instability\u2010high was observed in 10.2% of 98 cases with sporadic EC, a lower percentage than that in Western studies. Loss of some MMR proteins was observed in 23 cases (23.5%) and there was a significant correlation with MSI\u2010high status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Concerning the background endometrium, two cases showed partial loss of MLH1 and PMS2, corresponding to adjacent EC lesions, suggesting that MMR deficiency may already be present in the background endometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MSI\u2010high rate was low in our Japanese cohort. Our data confirmed the usefulness of MMR protein assessment for MSI screening in Japanese EC patients. Furthermore, IHC of the background endometrium might reveal the mechanism of MSI\u2010high tumorigenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T23:18:10Z","timestamp":1563232690000},"page":"2037-2042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Usefulness of immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair protein and microsatellite instability examination in adenocarcinoma and background endometrium of sporadic endometrial cancer cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Harumi","family":"Saeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Oncology Juntendo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May T.","family":"Hlaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Oncology 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