{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:40:45Z","timestamp":1789821645770,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPI5H0Z90I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPI5H0Z90I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014475","name":"Pfizer Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) status has negative health consequences in neonates and later life. Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a reported risk factor for adverse birth outcomes, such as SGA and preterm birth (PTB). The present study investigated whether maternal SES is associated with adverse outcomes in Japanese pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective data were collected for 1970 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies who delivered between January 2007 and December 2011 at a single center: low SES group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 197); and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1773). Low SES was defined according to the criteria of the Japanese pregnant\u2010childbirth hospitalization support policy system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The low SES group included a significantly higher proportion of young women, women with single marital status, greater parity, pre\u2010pregnancy smoking and a lack of regular employment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The crude odds ratio (OR) for the association between low maternal SES and SGA was 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15\u20132.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010). After adjustment for baseline maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking and gestational weight gain, the adjusted OR for the association between low maternal SES and SGA was 1.92 (95% CI 1.17\u20133.17, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010). No significant association was found between maternal SES and PTB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results suggest that low maternal SES is associated with SGA births in the Japanese population. Mitigation of low maternal SES could be urgent public health to prevent disadvantage birth outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T08:54:24Z","timestamp":1565254464000},"page":"110-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between socioeconomic status and small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age in Japan: A single center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ikuyo","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science University of Hyogo  Himegi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Takakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sumitomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science University of Hyogo  Himegi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Sumitomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Minato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science University of Hyogo  Himegi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Nose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science University of Hyogo  Himegi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narumi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science University of Hyogo  Himegi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Sakane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Fushimi\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90710-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340902818170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare Japan. 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