{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T20:47:39Z","timestamp":1757450859056,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antiretrovirals of the protease inhibitor (PI) class tend to achieve low concentrations in biological fluids. This study aimed to analyze possible changes in the vaginal microbiome and frequency of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV)\u2010DNA and HPV\u2010related lesions associated with the use of PI in antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010eight women with human immunodeficiency virus infection were divided in two groups: ART with PI and without PI. All the participants underwent anamnesis with demographic data collection. The total DNA, used as the template in the polymerase chain reaction\u2010based assays for the detection of HPV\u2010DNA, was extracted from cervical samples during cervical cytopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no differences between the groups with respect to HPV\u2010related lesions. Despite the higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the PI group (33.96% vs 17.14%), the difference was insignificant when considering all women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.066). When women with a detectable viral load and a CD4+ T\u2010cell count &lt;200 were excluded in both groups, BV was found to be more prevalent in the PI group (odds ratio, 3.349; 95% confidence interval, 1.113\u201311.41, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049). No associations were found between BV and age, condom use, cervical HPV, time with current ART regimen, unprotected receptive anal intercourse and cervical HPV\u2010related lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of PI did not alter the frequencies of HPV\u2010DNA and HPV\u2010related lesions. However, an increased frequency of BV was found in women using PI after excluding women with a detectable viral load and a CD4+ T\u2010cell count of &lt;200.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T05:29:42Z","timestamp":1584509382000},"page":"899-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protease inhibitor effects on prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus\u2010related lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Marcos P. 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