{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:43:08Z","timestamp":1768444988622,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical pregnancy (CP) and cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), defined as low\u2010lying\u2010implantation ectopic pregnancy (LLIEP), are rare conditions of aberrant implantation around the lowest portion of the uterus. This study aimed to illustrate the serum \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010hCG) profile of LLIEP and to explore its implications with the clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with LLIEP during the first trimester were retrospectively evaluated at a tertiary referral center from August 1999 to July 2016. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including maternal age, gestational age (GA), serum \u03b2\u2010hCG level, maximal diameter of the gestational mass\/sac (MDM\/MDS) by ultrasonography and CSP implantation types. The serum \u03b2\u2010hCG level was measured on the day of ultrasound imaging. The significance of pretreatment the serum \u03b2\u2010hCG level and its correlations with the clinical characteristics were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 88 LLIEP with 64 CSP and 24 CP was included. The mean GA at the time of diagnosis was 7\u2009weeks (range, 5\u201312\u2009weeks). The \u03b2\u2010hCG concentrations rapidly increased from GA 5 to 9\u2009weeks and fluctuated thereafter. The \u03b2\u2010hCG levels correlated positively with GA and ultrasound MDM\/MDS. In the CSP group, there was no difference in the \u03b2\u2010hCG level between superficial and deep implantation types. \u03b2\u2010hCG levels demonstrated no significant differences among simple and complicated LLIEP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study established the serum \u03b2\u2010hCG profile in LLIEP in the first trimester. The exponential increase of \u03b2\u2010hCG levels was similar to that of normal intrauterine pregnancies. The \u03b2\u2010hCG levels were not associated with placentation complexity of CSP. Higher \u03b2\u2010hCG levels did not implicate less success in conservative surgical management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T05:28:25Z","timestamp":1584509305000},"page":"844-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin profile and its correlations with ultrasound parameters in low\u2010lying\u2010implantation ectopic pregnancy in the first trimester"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ni\u2010Chin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010Yun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsai\u2010Hwa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Te\u2010Yao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Tsai","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2013.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(78)90377-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199701000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2006.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Pregnancy in a uterine scar sacculus: An unusual cause of postabortal haemorrhage. 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