{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:59:23Z","timestamp":1782313163786,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are ongoing discussions whether cesarean section is the safest mode of childbirth to prevent pelvic floor disorders. Pelvic floor electromyography (EMG) allows the analysis of external anal sphincter (EAS) function during voluntary contractions. The primary objective of this study was the evaluation of EMG amplitude of external anal sphincter in women who had vaginal delivery, compared to women who had cesarean section. The secondary objective was to evaluate the anal incontinence score changes before and after delivery between the groups, and to look for any relationship between the clinical and EMG findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multichannel surface EMG was detected during maximal contractions in three sessions: (i) during pregnancy, (ii) 6\u2009weeks after delivery and (iii) 1\u2009year after delivery. Women were divided into two groups: cesarean section and vaginal delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>External anal sphincter EMG amplitude decreases 6\u2009weeks after vaginal deliveries from 10.1 to 8.6\u2009\u03bcV with effect size of 0.4, but returns to baseline after 1\u2009year. No differences were observed between groups in all other variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No differences were observed after 1\u2009year in EMG activity between the two groups; however, a slight decrease of sphincter muscle amplitude was noted 6\u2009weeks after vaginal delivery. The delivery mode does not have effect on the EAS amplitude 1\u2009year after delivery. Incontinence score slightly increased in both groups after delivery, with no significant differences between the two groups. No association was observed between the increase of incontinence score and the decrease of EMG signal amplitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T08:30:53Z","timestamp":1606897853000},"page":"705-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sphincter muscle activity before and after delivery: Does it depend on the type of birth?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Vita","family":"Za\u010desta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and obstetrics Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Riga Maternity Hospital  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli  Bellinzona 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