{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:52:04Z","timestamp":1772160724615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Missed abortion is a peculiar form of spontaneous abortion before 20\u2009weeks' gestation. The definite etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that p53\/Mdm2\u2010mediated ubiquitination of the IGF\u20101R may be closely related to G\u2010protein\u2010coupled receptor kinases (GRK)\/\u03b2\u2010arrestin1 system. Our previous studies have confirmed that the elevated expression of p53 and Mdm2 may be responsible for apoptosis during missed abortion. However, there was no information surrounding \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 in missed abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mRNA levels of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 in villous samples of 30 missed abortion patients and 31 healthy controls were determined by real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression and location of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1, p53, Mdm2, VEGF and HIF\u2010l\u03b1 in trophoblasts. Transwell assays were performed to examine the influences of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 expression on cell invasion. Furthermore, we tested the effect of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 on the expression of p53, Mdm2, ERK, AKT and NF\u2010\u03baB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expression of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 in the villous samples of missed abortion group was dramatically lower than control group by quantitative real\u2010time\u2010PCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the patients with missed abortion showed significantly higher levels of p53, Mdm2, HIF\u2010l\u03b1 and lower level of VEGF than healthy controls by immunohistochemistry. Functional studies showed that suppression of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 in HTR\u20108 cells inhibited cell invasion. The protein expressions of ERK and AKT in HTR\u20108 cells were significantly downregulated by reducing the expression of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1, while the expressions of p53, Mdm2, NF\u2010\u03baB were enhanced. Overexpression of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 exhibited the adverse effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data indicated that \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 play an important role in maintaining the maternal\u2010fetal tolerance, the decreased expression of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 in the villous samples may be related with the development of missed abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T19:22:25Z","timestamp":1613935345000},"page":"1675-1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 and\n                    <scp>p53\u2010Mdm2<\/scp>\n                    signaling in the development of missed abortion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"QC14","article-title":"A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal vs Oral prostaglandin E1 analogue (misoprostol) in management of first trimester missed abortion","volume":"10","author":"Marwah S","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200204000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01892-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109237"},{"issue":"308","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2005\/308\/cm10","article-title":"Seven\u2010transmembrane receptor signaling through beta\u2010arrestin","volume":"2005","author":"Shenoy SK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.022405.154749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611356104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210350200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11045-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Management of spontaneous abortion","volume":"72","author":"Griebel CP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Deregulation of p53\u2010MDM2 auto\u2010regulatory pathway in breast carcinoma. 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