{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:16:43Z","timestamp":1792279003666,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who experience premature menopause either due to biological or induced reasons have a longer duration of exposure to severe symptoms and adverse health consequences when compared to those who undergo menopause at later age. Despite the fact that premature menopause has a profound effect on the health of women, there has been limited study on this issue. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with premature menopause among 302\u2009557 women aged 25\u201339\u2009years in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study utilized secondary data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u2010IV<\/jats:styled-content> (NFHS\u20104), conducted during 2015\u20132016 in India. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analyses of the data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed that the prevalence of premature menopause in this sample of Indian women was 3.7%, out of which 2.1% of women had experienced natural premature menopause, whereas 1.7% had surgical premature menopause. The prevalence of premature menopause was highest in the southern region of India. Factors like age, education, wealth index, place of residence, smoking status, children ever born, age at first birth, use of hormonal contraception, sterilization, and body mass index were found to be associated with premature menopause in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sizeable proportion of women in India are attaining menopause prematurely. Furthermore, the percentage and likelihood of experiencing premature menopause are relatively high among rural women, women with higher parity, early age at childbearing, and women who smoke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T04:35:08Z","timestamp":1632803708000},"page":"4426-4439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Premature menopause among women in India: Evidence from National Family Health <scp>Survey\u2010IV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7637-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trupti","family":"Meher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harihar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.109458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071557601008001S04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0808697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.198676"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"679","article-title":"Early menarche, nulliparity and the risk for premature and early natural menopause","volume":"32","author":"Mishra GD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"4923","article-title":"Menopause: An emerging issue in India","volume":"40","author":"Syamala TS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Econ Pol Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342006000400004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-015-0076-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Premature menopause increases the risk of multiple health problems in your 60s. Eurekalert. 2020. [Accessed 6 Jan 2021]. Available from:https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2020\u201001\/esoh\u2010pmi011620.php#:~:text=Premature%20menopause%20increases%20the%20risk%20of%20multiple%20health%20problems%20in%20your%2060sEuropean%20Society%20of&text=Women%20who%20experience%20premature%20menopause age%20of%2050%20or%2051."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130601114917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.15.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2019.1687634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"International Institute of Population Sciences ICF International.National Family Health Survey (NFHS\u20104) 2015\u201316.Mumbai:IIPS;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(11)37553-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20190862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/hlx010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802521282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Factors associated with early menopause","volume":"44","author":"Naz S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rawal Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","unstructured":"St\u00f6pplerMC.Premature menopause symptoms and treatment. MedicineNet 2020. [Accessed 16 Aug 2021]. Available from:https:\/\/www.medicinenet.com\/premature_menopause_medical_procedural_causes\/article.htm."}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.15041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jog.15041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.15041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:56:07Z","timestamp":1693191367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.15041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.15041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.15041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-8076","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}