{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:03:50Z","timestamp":1773705830254,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of fungal pathogenic factors and the immune response of the vaginal epithelium in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) are still unclear. Our study wants to clarify whether there are differences in pathogenic factors between VVC and RVVC strains, confirm the roles of pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis of RVVC, and analyze the influence of pathogenic factors on vaginal host immunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>VVC\u2010 and RVVC\u2010causing <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> strains were genotyped with 25S rDNA. Drug susceptibility assays using a modified alamarBlue broth microdilution method were carried out. Milk culture medium and egg yolk culture medium were used to measure the secreted aspartate protease (Sap) and phospholipase (Plb) activity of the samples. We used <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with different Sap activity levels to induce RVVC in mice and measured interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 8 (IL8), and interleukin 17 (IL17) in vaginal lavage fluid at different stages of RVVC infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant differences between VVC and RVVC fungi except that the Sap activity was lower for RVVC\u2010causing <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> than for VVC\u2010causing <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with both strong Sap and weak Sap induced RVVC in mice. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with strong Sap had a reduced RVVC infection rate. In addition, <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with strong Sap stimulated the vaginal epithelium to secrete more IL4, IL8, and IL17.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with that of VVC\u2010causing <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>, the Sap activity of RVVC\u2010causing <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was lower. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with strong Sap was less capable of causing repeated vaginal infections than that with weak Sap and stimulated the vaginal epithelium to produce more cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T01:45:08Z","timestamp":1640915108000},"page":"857-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of pathogenic factors of <i>Candida albicans<\/i> and the effect of vaginal immunization on recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Kun","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Jin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Yao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Yunnan 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