{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:34:57Z","timestamp":1747186497481,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical stenosis is traditionally managed by mechanical dilatation under general anesthesia (GA). We aimed to assess the safety, effectiveness, and patient acceptability of dilatation in the outpatient setting under local anesthesia (LA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected prospectively from all patients attending the outpatient department with cervical stenosis from March 20, 2015 to September 23, 2020. Mechanical dilatation of the cervix was performed using Hegar dilators under LA. Subsequent colposcopic assessment, cytology, histology, and management were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010nine cases were referred for cervical dilatation, 63 (43%) of which had complete stenosis. One hundred eighteen (79%) patients had previously undergone cervical procedures. Successful dilatation under LA was achieved in 119 (83%) patients; 5 (3%) declined (requesting GA), 6 (4%) did not tolerate speculum examination, and 19 (13%) had unsuccessful procedures. The median Hegar size used was 8\u2009mm. Dilatation under LA was acceptable in 93% attempted procedures. Thirteen episodes of restenosis were recorded with no major adverse events. Younger age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045) and severe (compared to complete) stenosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were associated with procedure success, with improved results over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Successful dilatation permitted cervical assessment; eight patients required cervical excisions, two underwent hysterectomies, with one confirmed case of adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rigid cervical dilatation in the outpatient setting provides effective, instantaneous treatment for women who have failed cytological or colposcopic assessment. For the vast majority of women, the procedure was well tolerated and preferred to using GA. However, given that 1 in 10 women experienced restenosis, patients should be counseled about the possibility of requiring further management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T04:09:30Z","timestamp":1644293370000},"page":"956-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical dilatation of the stenosed cervix under local anesthesia: A prospective case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2993-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty V.","family":"Biggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"San","family":"Soo Hoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals North Midlands NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallikarjun","family":"Kodampur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals North Midlands NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Consequences and treatment of cervical stenoses after laser conization or loop electrosurgical excision","volume":"26","author":"Baldauf JJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00331-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200011000-00003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using the loop electrosurgical excision procedure","volume":"79","author":"Wright TC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gyn.1993.9.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)90622-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000293343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200208000-00008"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Two methods of cervix ripening: intracervical Foley catether and dinoprostone \u2010 which one is actually more efficient?","volume":"36","author":"Kosinska\u2010Kaczynska K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200609000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61484-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.11.709"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Immediate dilation of a tight or stenotic cervix by intra\u2010procedural administration of hyoscine butylbromide: a clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Hadadianpour S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Complete cervical stenosis after conization: timing for the minimally invasive reconstructive surgery","volume":"3","author":"Koyama S","year":"2014","journal-title":"GMIT"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.05.012"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Recurrent cervical stenosis \u2010 a troublesome clinical entity","volume":"23","author":"Mathew M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65170-2"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"672","article-title":"Hysterectomy in women with cervical stenosis. Surgical indications and pathology. The","volume":"48","author":"Newman C","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(75)80037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(95)02512-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104240602762555939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.290"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.15179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jog.15179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.15179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T14:09:55Z","timestamp":1692972595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.15179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.15179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.15179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1341-8076"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1447-0756"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}