{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:35:28Z","timestamp":1747186528404,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effect of lubricants on reducing perineal trauma during vaginal delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang databases, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, were searched for literature up to 25 June 2021. Randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese that compared the vaginal application of lubricant with standard care for women were included. Two reviewers independently performed study screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and certainty of evidence assessment. Pooled effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen trials enrolling 5445 pregnant women were included. Compared with standard care, women using lubricants had a lower incidence of perineal trauma (risk ratio [RR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.76\u20130.93; low certainty evidence), second\u2010degree perineal laceration (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64\u20130.82; moderate certainty evidence) and episiotomy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62\u20130.96; very low certainty evidence), and had a shorter duration of the second\u2010stage labor (MD \u221213.72\u2009min, 95% CI \u221222.68 to \u22124.77; very low certainty evidence).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lubricants might reduce the incidence of perineal trauma, especially second\u2010degree perineal laceration, and shorten the duration of the second\u2010stage labor. More well\u2010designed studies will continue developing high\u2010quality evidence in this field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T06:05:47Z","timestamp":1660716347000},"page":"2807-2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lubricant for reducing perineal trauma: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing Lanzhou University  Lanzhou 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