{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:39:41Z","timestamp":1775176781585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histopathologic diagnosis of a subset of uterine smooth muscle tumors is challenging. We report a critical review regarding the clinicopathological point of view of 62 cases of subsequently recurred or metastasized leiomyoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records and glass slides of 62 cases of uterine smooth muscle tumor diagnosed as leiomyoma, which subsequently recurred or metastasized, were critically reviewed by pathologists specializing in gynecologic pathology and oncology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 47 (75.8%) of 62 cases, the diagnosis of leiomyoma was confirmed, including 11 intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) and benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML). In 29 cases (46.8%) laparoscopic surgery was performed, of which morcellator without a bag was employed in 23 cases. Fifteen cases (24.2%) appeared to be underestimated and were re\u2010classified as smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), leiomyosarcoma, or other malignant mesenchymal tumors. Recurrences in seven cases (11.3%) were interpreted to be a malignant transformation, and one STUMP recurred as STUMP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recurrence or metastasis in cases of \u201cleiomyoma\u201d is attributed to iatrogenic or under\u2010evaluation of primary tumors, although a subset of cases is a rare example of biological progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T06:24:07Z","timestamp":1663395847000},"page":"3242-3251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A critical review of \u201cuterine leiomyoma\u201d with subsequent recurrence or metastasis: A multicenter study of 62 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakiko","family":"Sanada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kurume University School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kurume University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Okayama University Hospital  Kitaku Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kumamoto University Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ohishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Iizuka Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2491-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tokai University  Isehara Kanagawa 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