{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:47:49Z","timestamp":1778669269658,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81960280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018GXNSFAA050136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFAA050136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018GXNSFDA050017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFDA050017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chronic endometritis (CE) prevalence in people experiencing infertility is 2.8\u201356.8%, pregnancy rates in patients with infertility increase after hysterosalpingography with oil\u2010based contrast, but the effect and mechanism are not clear. Here, we analyzed the effects of intrauterine ethiodized poppyseed oil (EPO) bathing on a rat model of CE and the possible underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CE rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, and rats were subjected to intrauterine bathing with EPO or phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS) after model verification. Serum and uterus levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2 were detected by ELISA kit, and the number of CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and uterine IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and NF\u2010\u03baB P65 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry after bathing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LPS exposure induced the typical CE phenotype with CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> phagocyte infiltration of the endometrial stroma. Compared with PBS bathing, bathing with EPO in CE rats showed decreases in the CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells populations and significant decreases in serum and uterine IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels, moreover, uterine IL\u20104 levels were slightly higher, and the IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u20104(Th1\/Th2\u2010type cytokine ratio) in the uterus was significantly lower. Local IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and NF\u2010\u03baB P65 expression in the endometrium was significantly downregulated, while IL\u20104 expression was upregulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrauterine oil\u2010based contrast bathing significantly alleviated local inflammation in the rat CE model by downregulating NF\u2010\u03baB P65 expression, reducing IFN\u2013\u03b3 (Th1), increasing IL\u20104 levels (Th2) in the endometrium, and regulating the Th1\/Th2\u2010type cytokine trends toward Th2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T05:14:15Z","timestamp":1666674855000},"page":"243-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Oil\u2010based contrast for hysterosalpingography\u2010regulated Th1\/Th2\u2010type cytokines and alleviated inflammation in rats 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