{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:36:01Z","timestamp":1747186561021,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the gestational age\u2010related changes in cervical gland length in relation to cervical length (CL) in normal singleton pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 363 women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (188 nulliparous and 175 multiparous women with one or more previous transvaginal deliveries). A total of 1138 cervical gland and CLs were measured longitudinally at 17\u201336\u2009weeks of gestation using transvaginal ultrasonography along the curvature from the external os to the lower uterine segment and the internal end of the cervical gland area (CGA), respectively. Gestational age\u2010related changes in cervical gland and CLs and their relationships were analyzed using a linear mixed model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical gland and CLs decreased in different ways with advancing gestation depending on parity, and their changes were related to each other. The CGAs in nulliparous women were longer than those in multiparous women at 17\u201325\u2009weeks of gestation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but with no differences thereafter. CLs in multiparous women were different from those in nulliparous women at 17\u201323 and 35\u201336\u2009weeks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but there were no differences at 24\u201334\u2009weeks. The cervix did not shorten compared with the CGA throughout the observational periods in nulliparous and multiparous women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shortening of the cervix indicates changes to the lower uterine segment in normal pregnancies. The cervical gland region can be a useful marker representing the true cervix beyond 25\u2009weeks of gestation, irrespective of parity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T07:12:23Z","timestamp":1677913943000},"page":"1328-1334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational age\u2010related changes in cervical gland length in normal singleton pregnancies from 17 to 36 weeks of gestation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NHO Kokura Medical Center  Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yoshizato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-0455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NHO Kokura Medical Center  Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Obara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuyuki","family":"Kakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12050328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.70.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Cervical gland area as an ultrasonographic marker for preterm delivery","volume":"93","author":"Pires CR","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Cervical gland area as an ultrasound marker for prediction of preterm delivery: a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Marsoosi V","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-1986-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70407-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(03)00103-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.766703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1992.02060402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199611\/12)5:6<305::AID-MFM2>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2002.21.3.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Transvaginal sonography in the study of the cervix uteri in pregnancy","volume":"38","author":"Kakinada I","year":"1999","journal-title":"Akush Ginekol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709050065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(97)00108-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the uterine cervix in pregnancy. 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