{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:31:29Z","timestamp":1792071089194,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was conducted. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> databases were systematically searched from inception to April 30th, 2022. Cross\u2010sectional, cohort, case\u2013control, and secondary analysis of randomized controlled studies that reported the incidence of PPH and the related risk factors in vaginal delivery were eligible through screening of 2343 articles. The incidence, associated standard error, adjusted odds ratios, relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals were combined in the meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six articles were included in the descriptive review. The incidence of PPH (blood loss \u2265500\u2009mL and blood loss \u22651000\u2009mL) was 17% and 6%, respectively. Forty\u2010one identified risk factors were divided into five categories under two criteria: history and demographics; maternal comorbidity; pregnancy\u2010related factors; labor\u2010related factors; delivery\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the increasing incidence of PPH globally, obstetric health care providers need to improve their awareness of these multi\u2010factorial risks to optimize obstetric care and reduce maternal morbidity. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis have raised important questions about the nature of vaginal delivery, such as the duration of prolonged labor, details on the use of oxytocin, and the presence of genital tract trauma. There should be highlighted by obstetric personnel on these factors during a patients' labor process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1681795629000},"page":"1663-1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Can\u2010ran","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7606-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Women's Hospital  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010wen","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Taikang Tongji Hospital (Wuhan)  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon R.","family":"Redding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health of Project HOPE  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of East campus Renming Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010qiong","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO updates guidance to help healthcare workers prevent postpartum haemorrhage. 2018. 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