{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:30:53Z","timestamp":1782934253103,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal levels and imbalances of T cell subsets are common in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients, but most studies have small sample sizes, and comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Therefore, this meta\u2010analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate T cell subsets and their ratios in RSA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) were searched until 10 January 2024. T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th1\/Th2 ratio, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), Treg\/Th17 ratio, and the correlation between Th17 and Treg were considered endpoint indexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six studies involving 1143 RSA women (RSA group) and 863 healthy women (healthy control group) were included. Th1 (standardized mean difference [SMD]\u2009=\u20090.603%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.406%, 0.800%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Th1\/Th2 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u20090.838; 95% CI: 0.364, 1.312; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), and Th17 (SMD\u2009=\u20091.047%; 95% CI: 0.734%, 1.360%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased; Th2 (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.719%; 95% CI: \u22121.263%, \u22120.174%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), Treg (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.176%; 95% CI: \u22121.755%, \u22120.596%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Treg\/Th17 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.978; 95% CI: \u22121.576, \u22120.381; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) reduced in RSA group versus healthy control group. Th17 were inversely correlated with Treg in RSA patients (Correlation coefficient\u2009=\u2009\u22120.488; 95% CI: \u22120.726, \u22120.145; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). The risk of bias was relatively low. There was no publication bias for Th1, Th2, or Th1\/Th2 ratio; publication biases for other outcomes were corrected by the trim\u2010and\u2010fill method. Sensitivity analyses showed relatively high robustness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Th1, Th1\/Th2 ratio, and Th17 are elevated, while Th2, Treg, and Treg\/Th17 ratio are reduced in RSA patients. Meanwhile, Th17 was inversely correlated with Treg in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T13:36:21Z","timestamp":1736948181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Associations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell levels and imbalance with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics HanDan Central Hospital  HanDan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University  HanDan 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HanDan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8808-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics HanDan Central Hospital  HanDan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss: an update in 2022","volume":"2023","author":"RPL EGGo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod 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