{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:36:40Z","timestamp":1753879000827,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K16822","22K16890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K16822","22K16890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007206","name":"Kaibara Morikazu Medical Science Promotion Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess amniotic fluid bacterial load using the copy number of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid and to clarify its association with perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective diagnostic and prognostic study included 63 patients with preterm labor and suspected intra\u2010amniotic infection who underwent amniocentesis before 34\u2009weeks of gestation. We measured the copy number of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in 1\u2009mL of amniotic fluid using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and graded infections as Grade (G) 0, 1, 2, or 3. Case\u2013control analysis was performed to compare G3 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929), G1\u20132 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918), and G0 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917) patients. The main outcome measures were histologic chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and amniocentesis\u2010to\u2010delivery time windows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of histologic chorioamnionitis (Stage III) and funisitis was as follows: G3, 86% and 79%; G1\u20132, 28% and 56%; and G0, 0% and 6%, respectively. The rate of post\u2010amniocentesis delivery within 1 and 2\u2009days was as follows: G3, 62% and 83%; G1\u20132, 56% and 78%; G0, 13% and 25%, respectively. Comparisons between the G3 and G0 groups revealed significant differences in all criteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, significant differences were noted in pathological inflammatory findings between the G3 and G1\u20132 groups, as well as in all perinatal outcomes between the G1\u20132 and G0 groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our diagnostic method, based on the copy number of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid, supports intra\u2010amniotic colonization assessment, guiding clinical decisions regarding the timing of delivery and potentially informing antimicrobial interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T13:34:17Z","timestamp":1738762457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of intra\u2010amniotic colonization based on copy numbers of <scp>16S<\/scp> ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid: A diagnostic and prognostic study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0036-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daichi","family":"Urushiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Kiyoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toyofumi","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Perinatal Medical Research, Corporate Sponsored Research Programs in Western Japan Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Imi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Kurakazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka 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