{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:39:42Z","timestamp":1789043982184,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015747","name":"University Grants Commission of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\u20102022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\u20102022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infertility affects a significant proportion of women worldwide, and the colonization of certain vaginal pathogens has been suggested as a possible contributing factor. To explore the relationship between bacterial pathogens and female infertility, a case\u2013control study was conducted involving 55 infertile women as cases and 5 fertile women as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional culture\u2010based techniques and biochemical assays followed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis were employed for the identification of vaginal isolates from the two groups. The strength of association between the isolated bacterium and infecundity was derived by odds ratio calculation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The investigation revealed the presence of bacteria including <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus hominis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus capitis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/jats:italic> in the vaginal swabs of infertile women. Of these, the odds ratios for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were 5.43 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.28, 103.49), 4.59 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.24, 87.93), 2.25 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.11, 44.16), and 1.70 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.09, 34.01), respectively, displaying an association with infertility. Moreover, vaginal colonization of these four bacterial species was also dominant in cases that were diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease and idiopathic infertility by laparoscopic examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the findings of this study indicate a probable association between specific pathogenic microorganisms and women's barrenness, emphasizing the significant role of these disease\u2010causing agents in hindering conception. This highlights the significance of a complete understanding of the vaginal microbiome and emphasizes further research in this area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T01:03:56Z","timestamp":1739927036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of opportunistic bacterial pathogens with female infertility: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7662-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurjahan","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangita","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8658-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmuda","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO. n.d.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infertility(accessed April 7 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-032303247-6.10012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1390088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818309-0.00009-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"2704","volume-title":"Endocrinology: adult and pediatric, 2\u2010volume set","author":"Jameson L","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2019.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Bacterial agents as a cause of infertility in humans","volume":"39","author":"Ruggeri M","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13238-016-0264-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11010-020-03833-4\/TABLES\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1202215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2019.104433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13050400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2022.104014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10360-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.4.1013-1017.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.7.2271-2276.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(21)00453-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"Assessing the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among infertile women of Qom city","volume":"6","author":"Ghiasi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02746-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2007.00219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"939","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae: passengers in the sperm travel","volume":"72","author":"Zuleta\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez MC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-008-9283-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7110379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.16243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T01:51:59Z","timestamp":1741744319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.16243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.16243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.16243","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-8076","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16243"}}