{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:41:54Z","timestamp":1776116514120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the prevalence and predictors of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010eight PCOS patients and 78 age and body mass index (BMI)\u2010matched controls were studied. PCOS was diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria. Clinical examination, biochemical, and hormonal investigations, and transabdominal sonography were done for all participants. Based on gray\u2010scale sonography, NAFLD was graded as 0, 1, 2, and 3. MAFLD was diagnosed when imaging or serological evidence of fatty liver disease was present and one of the following three criteria was met: overweight\/obesity, diabetes, or metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with PCOS had a higher prevalence of NAFLD (53.8% vs. 17.9%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), MAFLD (70.5% vs. 48.7%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR 2.8 \u00b1 1.3 vs. 1.4 \u00b10.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (51.3% vs. 10.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher values of waist\u2010hip ratio (0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 vs. 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), alanine\u00a0transferase (44.1\u2009\u00b1\u200919.7 vs. 30.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and free androgen index (FAI; 7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 vs. 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than controls. Twenty\u2010three percent of PCOS patients with NAFLD and 18.4% with MAFLD had Grades 2\u00a0and 3 disease. Among different PCOS phenotypes, phenotype A was maximally affected with NAFLD and MAFLD. Multiple regression analysis showed that PCOS status and FAI were the predicting factors for NAFLD. MAFLD was significantly associated with hepatic steatosis index (HSI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCOS patients were at a higher risk for NAFLD and MAFLD than age\u2010 and BMI\u2010matched controls. The prevalence of NAFLD and MAFLD was highest in phenotype A. Hyperandrogenism is a predictor of NAFLD in PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T09:21:04Z","timestamp":1750065664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (<scp>NAFLD<\/scp>) and metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (<scp>MAFLD<\/scp>) in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7663-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditi","family":"Rathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maulana Azad Medical College  New Delhi 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