{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T01:42:25Z","timestamp":1763602945603,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aquaporins (AQPs) play crucial roles in the fetal development process. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns of AQP\u20109 in the umbilical cord and fetal membranes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) compared to normoglycemic pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Samples of umbilical cord and fetal membranes were collected from women with GDM (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096), PGDM with nephropathy (White Class F) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096). Histomorphologic evaluation was performed using hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining. AQP\u20109 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qPCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histologically, the GDM group showed increased umbilical cord diameter with edematous changes in Wharton's jelly, while the PGDM group exhibited decreased umbilical cord diameter. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed significantly increased AQP\u20109 protein expression in vascular endothelium and amnion of both umbilical cord and fetal membranes in diabetic groups compared to controls, with the PGDM group showing the most intense immunoreactivity. qPCR demonstrated significantly decreased AQP\u20109 gene expression in umbilical cord of diabetic groups compared to controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), while no significant differences in mRNA levels were found in fetal membranes between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.980).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AQP\u20109 exhibits significantly increased protein expression in both umbilical cord and fetal membranes of diabetic pregnancies, while mRNA levels are decreased only in the umbilical cord of diabetic patients with no changes in fetal membranes. This tissue\u2010specific discrepancy between protein upregulation and gene expression suggests complex post\u2010transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in diabetes\u2010affected pregnancies, providing novel insights into the molecular pathophysiology of maternal\u2010fetal complications in diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T23:28:46Z","timestamp":1753658926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression patterns of aquaporin 9 in umbilical cord and fetal membranes in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7957-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selin","family":"Kenan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziantep City Hospital University of Health Sciences  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuray","family":"Bostanc\u0131eri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demet Ta\u015fdemir","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0234-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ovayolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School of Istinye University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Liv Hospital  Gaziantep Turkey"},{"name":"Formerly, Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2106-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"Karaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Islam, Science and Technology University Faculty of Medicine  Gaziantep Turkey"},{"name":"Gaziantep City Hospital  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000820"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0553-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1997.16.10.691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05965-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-105152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010415"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"813","article-title":"Down\u2010regulation of aquaporin 4 in human placenta throughout pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"De Falco M","year":"2007","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.3085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7415-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1970131"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.70014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T01:39:12Z","timestamp":1763602752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.70014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.70014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.70014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1341-8076"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1447-0756"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70014"}}