{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T03:32:11Z","timestamp":1772508731013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced ovarian cancer involves tumor cells proliferating within ascitic fluid, which is rich in chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and phospholipids essential for tumor progression. Tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are critical components that modulate ovarian tumor cell behavior in vivo, though most in vitro studies have relied on cell monolayers that do not accurately represent the tumor microenvironment. We thus investigated TNF\u2010\u03b1 and LPA effects on ovarian tumor cells cultured in collagen scaffolds, which are a model more reflective of in vivo conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV\u20103, OVCAR\u20108, OVCAR\u20105, and OVCAR\u20104 were cultured in collagen I hydrogels at various concentrations of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and LPA for 2\u20138\u2009days. Outcomes included cell morphology, collagen topography, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin\u20108 (IL\u20108), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), and cell survival endpoints, with comparisons to collagen topography observed in ovarian tumor tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collagen I fiber topography in 3D hydrogels remodeled over time, resembling the ovarian cancer tissue. LPA significantly reduced hydrogel size in SKOV\u20103 cells. While LPA modestly altered VEGF secretion, both LPA and TNF\u2010\u03b1 increased IL\u20108 secretion over time, with TNF\u2010\u03b1 also elevating IL\u20106 levels. TNF\u2010\u03b1 reduced cell survival in OVCAR\u20108 and OVCAR\u20105, while LPA promoted cell growth in SKOV\u20103, OVCAR\u20108, and OVCAR\u20105.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TNF\u2010\u03b1 and LPA have diverse, cell line\u2010specific effects on ovarian cancer cells in collagen hydrogels, underscoring cell line heterogeneity and the utility of 3D models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T03:53:55Z","timestamp":1754279635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha and lysophosphatidic acid on the behavior of ovarian cancer cells in a three\u2010dimensional collagen hydrogel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Alexandria B.","family":"Tino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Otago Christchurch  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabi U.","family":"Dachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Otago Christchurch  Christchurch New 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