{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:04:34Z","timestamp":1787504674418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus (VLS) represents a persistent inflammatory disease of the skin that particularly affects the genital area.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n The study purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n laser as a treatment of recalcitrant VLS. The parameters examined included treatment tolerance, patient satisfaction, symptoms, and VLS clinical markers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study enrolled 85 adult women affected by Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus (VLS), refractory to local corticosteroids. Patients were treated with three sessions of fractional CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n laser treatment at 4\u2010week intervals. For vulvovaginal treatment, a device with a scanning handpiece and dedicated probes was used. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated at 1\u2009month follow up (T1) and at 6\u2009months follow up (T2) from the last treatment session. The Vulvar Health Index (VuHI) and the Vaginal Health Index score (VHI) were used. Patients assessed the severity of their symptoms (dyspareunia and dryness specifically) using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a 10\u2010point scale going from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (maximum symptoms).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n VuHI showed significant improvement after completion of treatment compared to baseline (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). VHI showed significant improvement after completion of treatment compared to baseline (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). There was clear improvement, compared to baseline values, in the VAS score for superficial dyspareunia and for vulvar dryness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that treatment of recalcitrant VLS with fractional CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n laser improved both clinical assessment and symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:36:22Z","timestamp":1759293382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrospective Study on\n \n CO\n 2<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n Laser for Second\u2010Line Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Gian Piero","family":"Siliquini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit Sedes Sapientiae Institute Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Strano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Accomasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice Marina","family":"Pennati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El.En. 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