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We previously reported that ER stress, a risk factor for poor placentation and preeclampsia, induced extracellular release of CRT in a cytotrophoblast (CTB) BeWo cell model; extracellular CRT impaired CTB syncytialization. Several stresses, including ER stress, reportedly exposed CRT on membranes, but the roles of membrane\u2010exposed CRT in CTBs have remained unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated whether ER stress\u2010induced membrane exposure of CRT in CTBs and whether membrane\u2010exposed CRT acted as a guide for phagocytic removal of stressed CTBs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical analysis of preeclamptic placentas demonstrated increased expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain\u2010binding protein, which indicated enhanced ER stress in preeclamptic placentas. The ER stress inducers thapsigargin and tunicamycin\u2010induced membrane exposure of CRT in BeWo cells and primary human CTBs. Phorbol ester\u2010differentiated THP\u20101 cells phagocytosed ER\u2010stressed and CRT\u2010exposing CTBs, which were blocked by an anti\u2010CRT antibody.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results thus propose a pathway for removal of damaged CTBs and thus for maintaining pregnancy. Because ER stress is a risk factor for poor placentation, investigation of physiological and pathological roles of CRT exposure\u2010mediated phagocytic removal deserves future study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T04:41:45Z","timestamp":1771562505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress\u2010Induced Membrane Exposure of Calreticulin Serves as a Guide for Phagocytic Removal of Stressed\u2010But\u2010Viable Cytotrophoblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Midori","family":"Ikezaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine  Wakayama 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