{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:07:02Z","timestamp":1774325222463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The United States is the only developed nation without a mandated paid parental leave. As of 2022, the Accreditation Council for General Medical Education has mandated a minimum 6\u2010week parental leave during medical training in US training programs. Our objective was to evaluate current parental leave policies and attitudes toward leave across OBGYN subspecialties, identify barriers to fellows taking leave, and evaluate the level of support for lactation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We distributed an anonymous electronic questionnaire to fellows and program directors (PDs) across OBGYN fellowships in five subspecialties (complex family planning, female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, gynecologic oncology, maternal\u2010fetal medicine, and reproductive endocrinology and infertility) in the United States at the end of the 2023\u20132024 academic year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 148 fellows and 76 PDs participated in the survey. Typical program parental leave reported by all participants was 6\u2009weeks. Most (69.9%) fellows felt this typical leave to be too short, compared to half (45.7%) of PDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Only 4 (3.0%) fellows believed there are no barriers to trainees taking leave in fellowship, compared to 14 (20.0%) PDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Most commonly cited barriers to taking leave were culture in medicine, limited number of co\u2010fellows, and need to extend training. Across the entire cohort, 74.3% fellows reported that being in training influenced their decision of when to have children, compared to 42.5% PDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Fewer fellows compared to PDs were satisfied with their program's parental leave policy (46.6% vs. 68.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), and 51.2% fellows were neutral toward or dissatisfied with institutional support for lactation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OBGYN fellows face barriers to being able to take leave in fellowship, are dissatisfied with parental leave length, and do not have enough lactation support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:19:31Z","timestamp":1773364771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Family Planning and Parental Leave in Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellowships: A Nation\u2010Wide Survey of Fellows and Program Directors in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4214-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khrystyna","family":"Levytska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Fan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Cerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandi S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret I.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"The Bipartisan Policy Center \u201cState Paid Family Leave Laws Across the U.S. \u201dJanuary 16 2024 https:\/\/bipartisanpolicy.org\/explainer\/state\u2010paid\u2010family\u2010leave\u2010laws\u2010across\u2010the\u2010u\u2010s\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"The Economist \u201cAmerica is the Only Rich Country Without a Law on Paid Leave for New Parents \u201dThe Economist 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.0979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Institutional Requirements","author":"The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2215288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","article-title":"Parental Health in Fellowship Trainees: Fellows' Satisfaction With Current Policies and Interest in Innovation","volume":"16","author":"Marshall A. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Revised Statement on the Importance of Workplace Accommodations for Pregnancy, Parental Leave, and Lactation Support for Practicing Surgeons","author":"The American College of Surgeons","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/whr.2021.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Maternity and Paternity at Work: Law and Practice Across the World","author":"Addati L.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.109-5709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.009321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"The European Commission \u201cEU Legislation on Family Leaves and Work\u2010Life Balance \u201dMay 14 2025 https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy\u2010and\u2010policy\/policies\/justice\u2010and\u2010fundamental\u2010rights\/gender\u2010equality\/women\u2010labour\u2010market\u2010work\u2010life\u2010balance\/eu\u2010legislation\u2010family\u2010leaves\u2010and\u2010work\u2010life\u2010balance_en."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"Fellowship Leave Policy","author":"The American Board of Obstetrics & Gynecology","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00380237.2021.2012861"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","volume-title":"Paid Parental Leave: Statement of Policy","author":"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.3195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"FLSA Protections to Pump at Work","author":"U.S. Department of Labor","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.6223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2018-135960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Competence by Design(2026) https:\/\/www.royalcollege.ca\/en\/standards\u2010and\u2010accreditation\/competence\u2010by\u2010design.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education \u201cExplore Public Data \u201d2025 https:\/\/acgmecloud.org\/analytics\/explore\u2010public\u2010data."}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.70238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jog.70238","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.70238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:38:38Z","timestamp":1774319918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.70238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.70238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.70238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-8076","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70238"}}