{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:56:21Z","timestamp":1792032981215,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to examine the potential risk of vulvar lichen planus (LP), alone or associated with lichen sclerosus (LS) or lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), to evolve towards vulvar cancer (VSCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively investigated the incidence of vulvar cancer in women diagnosed with LP, alone or associated with LS and LSC, between 2007 and 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrieved the data of 77 women with LP with a mean age of 63.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9\u2009years old. Of these, 53 had LP, 19 had LP+LS, and 5 had LP+LSC. Ultrapotent topical corticosteroids were the first\u2010line treatment. The mean follow\u2010up time was 45\u2009\u00b1\u200930.14\u2009months, during which four patients developed VSCC (5.19%). All four cases were found to be associated with the presence of multiple lichen, and the frequency of developing a neoplasm in the presence of LS or LSC superimposed on LP was found to be significant with Fisher's exact test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0079).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyzing our data, we can point out a concrete possibility regarding the relationship between multiple lichen and VSCC compared to LP alone. However, the sample size is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, and multicenter studies would, therefore, be desirable in the future both to examine more thoroughly and in large numbers the relationship between LP, multiple lichen, and vulvar cancer and to find new treatment and follow\u2010up strategies for pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:59:12Z","timestamp":1773971952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Study of the Risk of Progression to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vulvar Lichen Planus Forms Isolated or Associated With Other Dermatoses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Marianna Francesca","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Asti Community Hospital  Asti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Dominoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Musacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina Rita","family":"Pano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia Valeria","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalida","family":"De Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Gardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and 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