{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:12:46Z","timestamp":1788862366091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between the birth\u2010to\u2010birth interval (BIB) and maternal depressive symptoms at 1\u2009month postpartum, while adjusting for prior postpartum depressive symptoms and other confounders measured during the previous pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective cohort study of multiparous women (parity\u2009=\u20092) who delivered their first and second children at a tertiary perinatal center in Japan. The study was restricted to women whose second delivery occurred in 2018\u20132024 with available outcome data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091144). BIB was defined as the interval in months between the first and second births and was categorized as short (&lt;\u200924\u2009months), reference (24\u201359\u2009months), or long (\u2265\u200960\u2009months). The primary outcome was postpartum depressive symptoms, defined as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score \u2265\u20099 at 1\u2009month postpartum. Multivariable logistic regression with multiple imputation (m\u2009=\u200950) was used to estimate adjusted coefficients, adjusting for confounders measured during the previous pregnancy (maternal age, prior\u2010pregnancy EPDS score at 1\u2009month postpartum, use of assisted reproductive technology, body mass index, smoking status, and employment status).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 26.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009298) and 2.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200931) of participants had short and long BIBs, respectively. Compared with the reference group, long BIB was associated with higher odds of postpartum depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 5.56; 95% CI, 1.66\u201318.62), whereas short BIB was not (adjusted OR 1.36; 95% CI, 0.76 to 2.42).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A long but not a short BIB was independently associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at 1\u2009month. Women with a long BIB may benefit from prioritization for early psychosocial support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:07:38Z","timestamp":1777957658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Birth\u2010to\u2010Birth Interval and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5509-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital  Hamamatsu 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