{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:48:02Z","timestamp":1782186482172,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to summarize the association between reproductive tract infections and spontaneous abortion, clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, and provide a scientific basis for clinical screening and targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The electronic database PubMed was searched for studies published before April 2026. Keywords included \u201cspontaneous abortion,\u201d \u201cRecurrent Spontaneous Abortion,\u201d \u201cearly spontaneous abortion,\u201d \u201cEarly Pregnancy Loss,\u201d \u201clate spontaneous abortion,\u201d \u201clate abortion,\u201d \u201cmiscarriage,\u201d \u201creproductive tract infections,\u201d \u201cbacterial vaginosis,\u201d \u201c\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\u201d \u201c\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\u201d \u201c\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\u201d \u201cHuman Papillomavirus,\u201d \u201cHerpes Simplex Virus,\u201d \u201cCytomegalovirus,\u201d \u201cVulvovaginal Candidiasis,\u201d \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\u201d and \u201cvaginal dysbiosis.\u201d Relevant references from retrieved manuscripts and review articles were also searched manually to ensure comprehensive coverage of eligible studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reproductive tract infections are key factors for spontaneous abortion, with bacterial vaginosis,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      showing significant associations. Vaginal dysbiosis interacts with reproductive tract infections, potentially promoting spontaneous abortion through inflammatory responses, disrupted maternal\u2010fetal immune tolerance, and direct placental damage. The association between viruses (e.g., Human Papillomavirus, Herpesvirus infections),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with spontaneous abortion remains controversial.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During pregnancy, maintaining vaginal microbiota balance, routine screening for infections of the reproductive tract, and timely execution of targeted interventions are critical for spontaneous abortion. Future research should focus on large\u2010scale prospective studies to clarify the precise mechanisms of pathogen transmission and to optimize intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T01:30:09Z","timestamp":1781487009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Reproductive Tract Infections in Spontaneous Abortion: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Tianhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Binzhou Medical University  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4852-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Binzhou Medical University  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","unstructured":"National Academies Of Sciences E Medicine Health \u201cThe Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States. Washington (DC); National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences \u201d2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1255591"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S501620"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001302"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042170"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoy004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","volume-title":"Early Pregnancy Loss (Spontaneous Abortion)","author":"Alves C.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303237"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9683-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00582-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17264-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020179"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14523"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124074"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"The Relationship Between Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infection and Spontaneous Abortion","volume":"17","author":"Ahmadi A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90500-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3e6a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv041"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00901-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00839-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00181"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934960"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S522613"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.649067"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218266"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313227"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa372"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-025-03759-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10120971"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02227-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031326"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15050432"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04915-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251327478"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01023"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_16_44_1","article-title":"Bacterial Vaginosis: A Comprehensive Narrative on the Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management Approach","volume":"14","author":"Khedkar R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200402000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104696"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00595-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348709015726"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_16_50_1","first-page":"392","article-title":"Association Between Ureaplasma urealyticum Endocervical Infection and Spontaneous Abortion","volume":"6","author":"Ahmadi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.15134"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-03034-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.3.181"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_16_54_1","article-title":"Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Associated With Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jonduo M. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-0988-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24218"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07835-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3086036"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000482008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.2019.0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.2.465-472.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000134"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1284-1290.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030473"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091659"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6924.295"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_68_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Group B Streptococci and Trichomonas vaginalis Infections in Pregnant Women and Those With Spontaneous Abortion at Sanandaj, Iran","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadi A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105738"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7204.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/102.6.729"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_72_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Relationship Between the Endocervical Mycoplasma Infection and Spontaneous Abortion due to Early Embryonic Death","volume":"39","author":"Ye L. L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24158"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_74_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in First Trimester Pregnancy Loss Using Molecular Techniques","volume":"23","author":"Kapranos N. C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053997"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_16_78_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Bacterial Vaginosis\u2010Vaginal Polymicrobial Biofilms and Dysbiosis","volume":"120","author":"Swidsinski S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.100865"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10039-009-0008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1465914"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1031741"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18941-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08405-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001145"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_16_89_1","first-page":"2207","article-title":"Relation Between Mycoplasma Infection and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion","volume":"22","author":"Cao C. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062746"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05707-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2488-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2015.1091805"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105232"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04836-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07144-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.188050"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.672429"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab103"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy704"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70568-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1790-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.103994"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106273"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.7.3344"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2033183"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12677\/acm.2025.152371"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00091-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00399-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18821\/0507-4088-2016-61-2-74-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.2.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-956-ROPBHS"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422991"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-255"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13510"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60917-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_127_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski K. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0607-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.129087"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-02963-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.816161"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105555"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019440"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2024.1363089"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000953"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1401610"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70219"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010622"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269590"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1764959"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1908.08016"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_145_1","first-page":"3307","article-title":"Alteration of Vaginal Microbiota in Patients With Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage","volume":"17","author":"Zhang F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2021.1904851"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02437-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101669"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00199-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1232825"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_152_1","unstructured":"\u201cWho Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Recommendations for the Treatment ofTrichomonas vaginalis Mycoplasma genitalium Candida albicans Bacterial Vaginosis and Human Papillomavirus (Anogenital Warts) Geneva World Health Organization \u201d2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_153_1","unstructured":"\u201cWho Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Updated Recommendations for the Treatment ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatisandTreponema pallidum(syphilis) and New Recommendations on Syphilis Testing and Partner Services Geneva World Health Organization \u201d2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0527-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2023-0644"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4774783"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01449-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1123026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000302"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2025.104743"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.70365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jog.70365","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jog.70365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:03:54Z","timestamp":1782183834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jog.70365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jog.70365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.70365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-8076","1447-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-8076","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70365"}}