{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:06:51Z","timestamp":1790140011329,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003010","name":"Ege \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate and compare programmed cell death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) expression across benign and malignant uterine mesenchymal tumors using immunohistochemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent hysterectomy for uterine mesenchymal tumors at a single tertiary center between 2000 and 2022. Cases included leiomyoma (LM;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920), leiomyosarcoma (LMS;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920), low\u2010grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG\u2010ESS;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920), high\u2010grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG\u2010ESS;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920), and endometrial stromal nodule (ESN;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the PD\u2010L1 (22C3) antibody, and PD\u2010L1 expression was evaluated using the combined positive score. Clinicopathological parameters and PD\u2010L1 expression were compared among tumor subtypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with HG\u2010ESS demonstrated a significantly higher mean age at diagnosis compared with the other histopathological subtypes. PD\u2010L1 expression was detected in 9 (45%) LMS, 10 (50%) HG\u2010ESS, 3 (15%) LG\u2010ESS, and 1 (5%) ESN cases, whereas no LM cases demonstrated positivity. PD\u2010L1 expression rates were significantly higher in LMS and HG\u2010ESS than in LM, LG\u2010ESS, and ESN cases (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Combined group analyses also demonstrated significantly higher PD\u2010L1 expression rates in the combined LMS\/HG\u2010ESS group compared with the LG\u2010ESS group and the combined LM\/ESN group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings demonstrate increased PD\u2010L1 expression in aggressive uterine mesenchymal tumors; however, the clinical and therapeutic significance of these immunohistochemical findings remains unclear. Further studies integrating PD\u2010L1 expression with clinical findings and treatment outcomes are needed to determine the potential therapeutic relevance of PD\u2010L1 in these neoplasms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.70508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:38:32Z","timestamp":1790138312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PD<\/scp>\n \u2010\n L1<\/scp>\n Expression in Uterine Mesenchymal Tumors: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Fajrin Mammadova","family":"Bahitli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ata Saglik Hospital Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Akman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4204-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurdeniz","family":"Serin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mert","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nusaybin State Hospital Mardin Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-4750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuri","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir 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Aydin","family":"Ozsaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111893"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231157645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58138"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2112435"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108330"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020265"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101545\u20104279"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000\u2010022\u201001251\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2022.7953"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15243215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc\u20102020\u2010001409"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2022.1647"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7562"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr5052"}],"container-title":["Journal 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