{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:07:42Z","timestamp":1792681662005,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poorer control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) has been reported in diabetic women, as compared with diabetic men. It has been proposed that this finding is due to gender disparities in treatment intensity. We investigated this hypothesis in a large contemporary cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational, cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIACE<\/jats:styled-content>) Italian multicentre study (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a015\u00a0773), attending 19 hospital\u2010based diabetes clinics in 2007\u20132008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors, macro\u2010 and microvascular complications and current glucose\u2010, lipid\u2010 and blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010lowering treatments were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> was more prevalent in men, women showed a less favourable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk profile and worse performance in achieving treatment targets for haemoglobin A<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HDL<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>) and in particular obesity [body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and waist circumference], but not for triglycerides and diastolic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>. However, women were more frequently receiving pharmacological treatment for hypertension and to a lesser extent hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia than men, and female gender remained an independent predictor of unmet therapeutic targets after adjustment for confounders such as treatments, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, duration of diabetes and, except for the systolic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> goal, age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with type 2 diabetes from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIACE<\/jats:styled-content> cohort, a more adverse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk profile and a higher likelihood of failing treatment targets, compared with men, were not associated with treatment differences. This suggests that factors other than gender disparities in treatment intensity are responsible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T14:03:48Z","timestamp":1365775428000},"page":"176-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors, treatments and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: the <scp>RIACE<\/scp> Italian multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Penno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Solini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bonora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Orsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit Fondazione IRCCS \u2018C\u00e0 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2019 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zerbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complications of Diabetes Unit, Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit Hospital of Bergamo Bergamo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vedovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Padua Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Laviola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nicolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology Consorzio Mario Negri Sud S. Maria Imbaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine \u2018La Sapienza\u2019 University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) study, group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.016337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1013127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.15.1868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1438-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.846519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.829176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38678.389583.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283495cd6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-10-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2005.03869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Heart. Prevalence trend of cardiovascular diseases in the Italian adult population","volume":"35","author":"Palmieri L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.11.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807423106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.579375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2011.01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"ISTAT Annuario statistico italiano 2011 http:\/\/www3.istat.it\/dati\/catalogo\/20111216_00\/contenuti.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","unstructured":"Osservatorio ARNO Diabete Rapporto 2011 http:\/\/www.cureprimarie-ulss21.it\/page.asp?id=2499&title=pubblicato-il-rapporto-dellosservatorio-arno-sul-diabete."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"Annali AMD 2009 http:\/\/www.infodiabetes.it\/files\/2009_annali_AMD_ita.pdf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T16:16:08Z","timestamp":1696263368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.12073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.12073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]]}}}