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Although this may also be the result of the disease <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>, increasing evidence suggests a role for miR\u2010223 in limiting inflammation to prevent collateral damage during infection and in preventing oncogenic myeloid transformation. Validated targets for miR\u2010223 that have effects on inflammation and infection include granzyme B, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IKK<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1, Roquin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content>3. With regard to cancer, validated targets include C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b2, E2F1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXO<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NFI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010A. The effect of miR\u2010223 on these targets has been documented individually; however, it is more likely that miR\u2010223 affects multiple targets simultaneously for key processes where the micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> is important. Such processes include haematopoietic cell differentiation, particularly towards the granulocyte lineage (where miR\u2010223 is abundant) and as cells progress down the myeloid lineage (where miR\u2010223 expression decreases). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome are important inflammatory mechanisms that are dampened by miR\u2010223 in these cell types. The mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> can also directly target viruses such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, leading to synergistic effects during infection. Here we review the recent studies of miR\u2010223 function to show how it modulates inflammation, infection and cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]],"date-time":"2013-06-15T02:45:13Z","timestamp":1371264313000},"page":"215-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":365,"title":["miR\u2010223: infection, inflammation and cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Haneklaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Research Group and Immunology Research Centre School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gerlic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 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