{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:16:20Z","timestamp":1770300980784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]],"date-time":"2015-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ebola virus disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a zoonotic disease that causes severe haemorrhagic fever, with high fatality rates of up to 90% in humans. Today, there is no effective treatment available. Person\u2010to\u2010person transmission occurs through exposure to blood or body fluids, which can threaten other household members and first\u2010line healthcare workers. The first cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> in Guinea were identified on 22 March 2014. It was initially believed that this like previous outbreaks would be self\u2010limiting. However, lack of public health infrastructure, delays in virus detection and late implementation of control interventions contributed to widespread transmission of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> in a region inexperienced in dealing with the disease. Socio\u2010cultural and economic factors probably also played a key role in the spread of the disease, resulting in the current large\u2010scale outbreak. Some promising candidate treatments for this disease are now being developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T04:02:21Z","timestamp":1436155341000},"page":"227-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ebola virus disease: societal challenges and new treatments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Mirazimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"National Veterinary Institute Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14561-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156652405774962263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806490106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.136-173.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59949-1_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120453109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(95)00080-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92841-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0814-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03118-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4091425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60667-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.8.4174-4178.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.918-926.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00870-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00588-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02523-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.5.3334-3338.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.17.8532-8539.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.14.7945-7956.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220398297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13421-13433.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.21302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0196-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"WHO.http:\/\/whoint\/csr\/disease\/ebola\/situation-reports\/en\/.WHO.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/004947506775598914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201410-481PS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1414992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.18.2391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus","volume":"76","author":"Johnson E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","unstructured":"WHO hwwicrpefice.Infection prevention and control guidance for care of patients in health\u2010care settings with focus on Ebola.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1409494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread","volume":"61","author":"Baron RC","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61693-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.948847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02814-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00649-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00356-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60357-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209591110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00561-09"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T20:31:58Z","timestamp":1696278718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.12386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.12386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12386","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]}}}