{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:23:52Z","timestamp":1781249032130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disease characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone and an increased level of serum calcium. Overall, 80\u201385% of pHPT cases are due to a benign, single parathyroid adenoma (PA), and 15% to multiglandular disease (multiple adenomas\/hyperplasia). Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare, accounting for &lt;0.5\u20131% of pHPT cases. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is a complication of renal failure, with the development of parathyroid tumours and hypercalcaemia. Recurrent mutations in the <jats:italic>MEN1<\/jats:italic> gene have been confirmed by the whole\u2010exome sequencing in 35% of PAs, suggesting that non\u2010protein\u2010coding genes, regulatory elements or epigenetic derangements may also have roles in the majority of PAs. DNA translocations with cyclin D1 overexpression occur in PAs (8%). In PCs, mutations in <jats:italic>CDC73<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>HRPT2<\/jats:italic> are common. Activation of the WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signalling pathway (accumulation of nonphosphorylated \u03b2\u2010catenin) by an aberrantly truncated LRP5 receptor has been seen for the majority of investigated PAs and sHPT tumours, and possibly by <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> inactivation through promoter methylation in PCs. Promoter methylation of several other genes and repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation by EZH2 of the <jats:italic>HIC1<\/jats:italic> gene may also contribute to parathyroid tumorigenesis. It is possible that a common pathway exists for parathyroid tumour development. <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> (cyclin D1) and <jats:italic>EZH2<\/jats:italic> overexpression, accumulation of nonphosphorylated \u03b2\u2010catenin and repression of <jats:italic>HIC1<\/jats:italic> have all been observed to occur in PAs, PCs and sHPT tumours. In addition, hypermethylation has been observed for the same genes in PAs and PCs (e.g. <jats:italic>SFRP1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> CDKN2A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic>). Whether \u03b2\u2010catenin represents a \u2018hub\u2019 in parathyroid tumour development will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T05:24:13Z","timestamp":1460525053000},"page":"551-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Molecular genetics and epigenetics of nonfamilial (sporadic) parathyroid tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Westin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-200401000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Current Controversy in Parathyroid Operation and 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