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Heparin\u2010binding protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBP<\/jats:styled-content>), also known as azurocidin or cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KD<\/jats:styled-content>a, is a promising biomarker to distinguish between patients with these conditions. It is biologically plausible that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBP<\/jats:styled-content> is an early and predictive biomarker because it is prefabricated and rapidly mobilized from migrating neutrophils in response to bacterial infections. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBP<\/jats:styled-content> induces vascular leakage and oedema formation and has a pro\u2010inflammatory effect on a variety of white blood cells and epithelial cells. The dysregulation of vascular barrier function and cellular inflammatory responses can then lead to organ dysfunction. 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